What are the two bodies of the U.S. Congress?

The United States Congress is composed of two distinct bodies: the Senate and the House of Representatives. This bicameral structure is outlined in the Constitution, which established Congress as the legislative branch of the federal government.

The Senate consists of two senators from each state, regardless of the state's population, serving staggered six-year terms. This structure was designed to ensure equal representation for each state in the legislative process. On the other hand, the House of Representatives is made up of representatives whose numbers are based on each state's population, serving two-year terms. This arrangement allows for representation that is more directly reflective of the population size of each state.

Together, the Senate and the House of Representatives work to create, debate, and pass legislation, fulfilling the role of Congress as the lawmaking body of the United States. Their collaborative function is crucial for the balance of power in the government, with each chamber having unique responsibilities and powers, such as the Senate’s ability to confirm presidential appointments and the House's authority to initiate revenue-related bills.

The other choices do not accurately represent the structure of Congress. The Supreme Court is part of the judiciary, not the legislative branch, and the executive branch is headed by the President, further separating it from the legislative functions